Greece has approved plans to build a museum in Faliro, south of Athens, dedicated to exhibiting a remarkable archaeological discovery—78 shackled skeletons believed to be victims of execution in the 7th century BC.
Unearthed in 2016 during excavations at the Esplanade of the Stavros Niarchos Foundation Cultural Center (SNFCC) in Faliro Bay, these skeletal remains—dubbed the "Desmotes Falirou" (Faliro Prisoners)—are arranged in three clusters, offering a fascinating glimpse into a historical enigma.
The shackled skeletons have puzzled researchers, as there are very few shackled deaths in the ancient world. Credit: Greek Ministry of Culture
The museum, set to be constructed on the SNFCC grounds with funding of €6.5 million from the Recovery Fund, will feature an open-air design that seamlessly integrates with its surroundings. Plans include a basement storage area for the skeletal remains and a ground-level exhibition space designed for both research and public engagement. The museum aims to create an immersive experience, ensuring accessibility for all visitors while shedding light on the historical significance of these individuals.
[Excavation file / Faliron Delta]
The Mystery of the Shackled Skeletons
The discovery of mass graves containing individuals bound at the wrists has perplexed researchers, as instances of shackled burials are rare in the ancient world. These remains are crucial to understanding the political and social upheaval that shaped Athens during this period.
The bodies were found in various burial styles—most in simple pit graves, while others, including infants and children, were interred in large ceramic jars. A small percentage of the remains showed evidence of cremation on funeral pyres, and a few were placed in stone-lined cist graves. One individual was notably buried in a wooden boat repurposed as a coffin.
The presence of shackles suggests these individuals may have been prisoners, enslaved persons, or victims of capital punishment. Many scholars believe they were supporters of Cylon, an Athenian noble who led an unsuccessful coup in 632 BC.
A Rebellion Cut Short
Historical accounts from Plutarch and Thucydides describe how Cylon, a former Olympic champion, sought to seize control of Athens with support from his father-in-law, the tyrant of Megara. However, his rebellion failed to gain widespread support, forcing Cylon to flee while his followers took refuge at the Acropolis. Promised safe passage by the city’s archon, Megacles, the rebels left their sanctuary—only to be massacred.
Archaeologists dated the mass grave to between 650 and 625 BC, aligning with this turbulent era. Dental analysis indicates that most of the individuals were young and in good health, further supporting the theory that they were political insurgents rather than common criminals.
The upcoming museum will serve as a vital link between the past and present, inviting visitors to explore one of ancient Athens’ most intriguing and haunting mysteries.
